Recent CRS Reports – January 2022

“Supreme Court Nominations, 1789 to 2020: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President,” CRS Report RL33225, January 28, 2022 (58-page PDF) “Supreme Court Appointment Process: President’s Selection of a Nominee,” CRS Report R44235, January 28, 2022 (33-page PDF) “A Guide to Major Congressional and Presidential Awards,” CRS Report R47020, January 28, 2022 … Read more

State and Federal Authority to Mandate COVID-19 Vaccination (CRS Report R46745)

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines licensed or authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are a critical tool to reduce the spread and severity of COVID-19. FDA initially authorized the vaccines, between December 2020 and February 2021, under Section 564 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act), a regulatory … Read more

Recent CRS Reports – April 2021

“Federal Regional Commissions and Authorities: Structural Features and Function,” CRS Report R45997, April 29, 2021 (59-page PDF) “Earmark Disclosure Rules in the Senate: Member and Committee Requirements,” CRS Report RS22867, April 28, 2021 (11-page PDF) “Apportionment and Redistricting Following the 2020 Census,” CRS Insight IN11360, April 27, 2021 (6-page PDF) “Jones v. Mississippi, the Eighth … Read more

State and Federal Authority to Mandate COVID-19 Vaccination (CRS R46745)

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines recently authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are a critical tool to address the pandemic. After determining that these vaccines meet the applicable statutory standards and the Agency’s specific safety and efficacy standards, FDA issued Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) under Section 564 of the Federal Food, … Read more

Taxing and Spending Power – Article I Section 8, Clause 1 of the Constitution

The United States Constitution Also see “Amendment 16 (Sixteenth Amendment – Income Tax)“ The Taxing and Spending Clause is found in the Constitution of the United States, Article. I. Section. 8., clause 1: (Clause 1 – Power to tax and spend) [The Congress shall have Power] To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, … Read more

The Commerce Clause – Article I Section 8, Clause 3 of the Constitution

The United States Constitution The Commerce Clause is one of Congress’ enumerated powers found in the Constitution of the United States, Article. I. Section. 8., clause 3: (Clause 3 – Commerce power) [The Congress shall have Power] To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;   The … Read more

The Constitution of the United States: Amendment 1 (The First Amendment – Freedom of Religion, Press, Expression)

The Constitution of the United States: Amendment 1 (Amendments 1-10 are known as the Bill Of Rights)   There is no, “Trust us, changes are coming” clause in the Constitution. To the contrary, the Bill of Rights itself, and the First Amendment in particular, reflect a degree of skepticism towards governmental self-restraint and self-correction. Roman … Read more