From the Congressional Glossary – Including Legislative and Budget Terms
“Emergency” Spending / Emergency


Spending with the “emergency” designation does not count against budget caps. While often used for one-time, unforeseen events, this designation has also been used to circumvent budget limits. For example, spending for the census has been designated as “emergency” spending.
Fiscal Commission Public Forum 2 of 7
Emergency: A term that usually modifies “appropriation,” “legislation,” or “supplemental.” Under procedures typically prescribed in concurrent resolutions on the budget, the House or the Senate, or their respective committees of jurisdiction, may designate proposed appropriations or other legislation as “emergency legislation” and thereby exempt any new budget authority, outlays, or receipts resulting from such legislation from specified enforcement provisions in the Congressional Budget Act, the concurrent resolution itself, or both.
FY2009 Supplemental Appropriations Bill (Part 1 of 2)
Acts appropriating funds for national or international emergencies such as natural disasters or urgent national security events are typically designated “emergency supplemental.”
See also Appropriations; Budget Authority; Date Shifting / Fiscal Transparency; Supplemental Appropriation.
Democrat’s Emergency Spending Adds to the Deficit
More
- “Emergency Spending: Statutory and Congressional Rules,” CRS Report RS21035 (7-page PDF
)
- “Emergency Spending,” by Tad DeHaven, Cato @ Liberty, July 15, 2010
- “FY2010 Supplemental for Wars, Disaster Assistance, Haiti Relief, and Other Programs,” CRS Report R41232 (109-page PDF
)
- “Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2009 (P.L. 110-329),” CRS Report RL34711 (32-page PDF
)
- “FY2008 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for International Affairs,” CRS Report RL34276 (28-page PDF
)
- “Federal Disaster Assistance Response and Recovery Programs: Brief Summaries,” CRS Report RL31734 (21-page PDF
)
- “Emergency Funding for Agriculture: A Brief History of Supplemental Appropriations, FY1989-FY2009,” CRS Report RL31095 (18-page PDF
)
- “FEMA and SBA Disaster Assistance for Individuals and Households: Application Process, Determinations, and Appeals,” CRS Report R45238 (26-page PDF
)
- “Supplemental Appropriations: Trends and Budgetary Impacts Since 1981,” CRS Report RL33134 (13-page PDF
)
- “2017 Disaster Supplemental Appropriations: Overview,” CRS Report R45084 (40-page PDF
)
- “Iran Sanctions,” CRS Report RS20871 (102-page PDF
)
- The Economic Effects of Financing a Large and Permanent Increase in Government Spending, Congressional Budget Office, CBO Working Paper 57201, March 2021 (42-page PDF
)
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