The Constitution of the United States: Amendment 4 (Fourth Amendment – Search and Seizure)

The Constitution of the United States: Amendment 4 (Amendments 1-10 are known as the Bill Of Rights) (4th Amendment)

Amendment IV. (Search and Seizure)

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

More

• The Constitution of the United States: Amendments 1-10 are known as the Bill Of Rights, from The National Archives
• Fourth Amendment – CRS Annotated Constitution
• Fourth Amendment – Wikipedia
• Fourth Amendment – Findlaw
• The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription – The National Archives
• United States Constitution: Texts, Commentaries, Historical Texts and Judicial Decisions – Law Library of Congress
• The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation – FDsys
• Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation, Govinfo.gov
• “You were always free to go.”
• 10 Rules for Dealing with Police
• See Civil Asset Forfeiture – “Policing for Profit”
• “Federalism and the Constitution: Limits on Congressional Power,” CRS Report RL30315 (31-page PDF)
• Bill of Rights Card, from Two Seas Media
• “Protecting Our Perimeter: ‘Border Searches’ under the Fourth Amendment,” CRS Report RL31826 (25-page PDF)
• “Searches and Seizures at the Border and the Fourth Amendment,” CRS Report R46601 (78-page PDF)
• “Governmental Tracking of Cell Phones and Vehicles: The Confluence of Privacy, Technology, and Law,” CRS Report R42109 (29-page PDF)
• “The USA PATRIOT Act: A Legal Analysis,” CRS Report RL31377 (88-page PDF)
• “Libraries and the USA PATRIOT Act,” CRS Report RS21441 (8-page PDF)
• “Terrorism: Section by Section Analysis of the USA PATRIOT Act,” CRS Report RL31200 (70-page PDF)
• Amendment 4 – Heritage Guide to the Constitution
• “Contesting the Seizure of Vehicles Under Civil Forfeiture: What Process Is Due?” CRS Legal Sidebar LSB10581 (7-page PDF)

• “The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: An Overview of the Statutory Framework and Recent Judicial Decisions,” CRS Report RL30465 (100-page PDF)
• “Administrative Subpoenas in Criminal Investigations: A Brief Legal Analysis,” CRS Report RL33321 (35-page PDF)
• “Delegation of the Federal Power of Eminent Domain to Nonfederal Entities,” CRS Report RS22884 (8-page PDF)
• “Civil Asset Forfeiture: Good Intentions Gone Awry and the Need for Reform,” by John Malcolm, Heritage, April 20, 2015
• “Policing for Profit – Institute for Justice,” (186-page PDF)

• United States v. Jones, Docket No. 10-1259 (U.S. Supreme Court, January 23, 2012). LII; ScotusBlog; ABA Supreme Court Preview. (“The government claimed the power to attach a GPS device to a suspected drug dealer’s car and electronically monitor his movements, all without a warrant. This claim drew opposition not just from the ACLU and the Cato Institute, but from the conservative Rutherford Institute, the liberal Constitution Project and organizations ranging from the Gun Owners of America to the Council on American-Islamic Relations. While the justices had differing opinions on why this action violated the Fourth Amendment—was it a physical trespass, a violation of privacy expectations, or something else?—all agreed it was unconstitutional. Nevertheless, last week the Justice Department was back in a lower court, using technicalities in Jones to claim again (United States v. Pineda-Moreno) that it could attach GPS devices without seeking warrants.” Ilya Shapiro)
• Meta-EE and the Constitution Part 3: Third and Fourth Amendments
• General Warrants, NSA Spying, And America’s Unappreciated Founding Father, James Otis, Jr. – Radley Balko
• Ten Reasons To Search, Simple Justice
• “Does Technology Lead to Tyranny? – The Fourth Amendment and New Technologies in a Digitized World,” Volokh Conspiracy
• Searches and Seizures – Heritage Guide to the Constitution
• Warrant Clause – Heritage Guide to the Constitution
• “Get a Warrant” – CATO
• “‘Everything Has Been Criminalized,’ Says Neil Gorsuch as He Pushes for Stronger Fourth Amendment Protections,” by Damon Root, Reason, February 25, 2021
• “Facial Recognition Technology and Law Enforcement: Select Constitutional Considerations,” CRS Report R46541 (35-page PDF)
• “COVID-19, Digital Surveillance, and Privacy: Fourth Amendment Considerations,” CRS Legal Sidebar LSB10449 (7-page PDF)
• “Torres v. Madrid: Police Use of Force, Fourth Amendment Seizures, and Fleeing Suspects?” CRS Legal Sidebar LSB10552 (7-page PDF)
• “Ending Civil Asset Forfeiture Should Be a Bipartisan Project,” by Steven Greenhut, Reason, April 2, 2021

A free download of our Pocket Constitution is available on Scribd.

Our Pocket Constitution: details on our web site.

Never Get Busted Again 1: Traffic Stops (DVD)	Criminal Law Handbook, The: Know Your Rights, Survive the System	Arrest-Proof Yourself	You Have the Right to Remain Innocent
Making Sense Of Search And Seizure Law: A Fourth Amendment Handbook	The Fourth Amendment in an Age of Surveillance	Search & Seizure Survival Guide 2017: A Field Guide for Law Enforcement	Fourth Amendment Practice And Procedure
Three Felonies A Day: How the Feds Target the Innocent	The Collapse of American Criminal Justice	The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness	The Tyranny of Good Intentions: How Prosecutors and Law Enforcement Are Trampling the Constitution in the Name of Justice
The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction	How to Read the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence: A Simple Guide to Understanding the Constitution of the United States	The Citizen’s Constitution: An Annotated Guide	The Bill of Rights: Original Meaning and Current Understanding
Origins of the Bill of Rights	The Bill of Rights in Modern America: Revised and Expanded	James Madison and the Struggle for the Bill of Rights	George Mason, Forgotten Founder